{"id":1675,"date":"2026-04-23T19:28:15","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T19:28:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wayhope.kro.kr\/?p=1675"},"modified":"2026-08-31T07:32:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T07:32:40","slug":"linux-%ed%95%b5%ec%8b%ac-%ec%a0%95%eb%a6%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wayhope.kro.kr\/?p=1675","title":{"rendered":"Linux \ud575\uc2ec \uc815\ub9ac"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Linux\ub294 \uc11c\ubc84 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc8fc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc6b4\uc601\uccb4\uc81c\ub2e4. \uc6f9 \uc11c\ubc84, \uac8c\uc784 \uc11c\ubc84, \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4, Docker, Kubernetes \uac19\uc740 \uc11c\ubc84 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub2e4 \ubcf4\uba74 \uacb0\uad6d Linux \ud658\uacbd\uc744 \ub9cc\ub098\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linux\ub97c \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub97c \ub9ce\uc774 \uc678\uc6b0\ub294 \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4, \ud30c\uc77c \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c, \uad8c\ud55c, \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c, \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac, \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uad00\ub9ac\uac00 \uc11c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\ub294\uc9c0<\/strong>\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Linux\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uad6c\uc870<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Linux\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc740 \uc6b4\uc601\uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc740 Kernel\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 CPU, \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac, \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c, \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uac19\uc740 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Application -> System Call -> Linux Kernel -> CPU \/ Memory \/ Disk \/ Network<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Linux Kernel\uc740 \uc6b4\uc601\uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4 \uad00\ub9ac, \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uad00\ub9ac, \ud30c\uc77c \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c, \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c, \ub514\ubc14\uc774\uc2a4 \uad00\ub9ac \ub4f1\uc744 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shell\uc740 Kernel\uacfc \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \uc81c\uc5b4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uba85\ub839 \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
User -> Shell -> System Call -> Kernel -> Hardware<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 Shell\ub85c Bash\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\ud30c\uc77c \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Linux\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud558\ub4dc\ub514\uc2a4\ud06c\uc758 \ub4dc\ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub97c C:\\<\/code>, D:\\<\/code>\ucc98\ub7fc \uad6c\ubd84\ud558\ub294 Windows\uc640 \ub2ec\ub9ac \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ub8e8\ud2b8 \ub514\ub809\ud130\ub9ac \/<\/code>\ub97c \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ud30c\uc77c \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 \uad6c\uc131\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/ -> bin \/ boot \/ dev \/ etc \/ home \/ lib \/ opt \/ proc \/ root \/ tmp \/ usr \/ var<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uac01 \ub514\ub809\ud130\ub9ac\ub294 \uc6a9\ub3c4\uac00 \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/etc<\/code>\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \ubc0f \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158 \uc124\uc815 \ud30c\uc77c\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/var<\/code>\uc5d0\ub294 \ub85c\uadf8\ub098 \uce90\uc2dc\ucc98\ub7fc \uc2e4\ud589 \uc911 \ubcc0\uacbd\ub418\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \uc800\uc7a5\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/home<\/code>\uc5d0\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ud648 \ub514\ub809\ud130\ub9ac\uac00 \uc704\uce58\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/tmp<\/code>\ub294 \uc784\uc2dc \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \uc800\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc6a9\ub3c4\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/proc<\/code>\uc740 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c\uc5d0 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \uc800\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ub514\ub809\ud130\ub9ac\ub77c\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 Kernel\uc774 \uad00\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\uc640 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ud30c\uc77c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uac00\uc0c1 \ud30c\uc77c \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat \/proc\/cpuinfo -> CPU \uad00\ub828 \uc815\ubcf4 \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Linux\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc7a5\uce58 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ud30c\uc77c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 Unix \uacc4\uc5f4\uc758 \uc124\uacc4\uac00 \ub9ce\uc774 \ubc18\uc601\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\uacbd\ub85c\uc640 \uae30\ubcf8 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Linux\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc8fc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub294 \ud30c\uc77c\uacfc \ub514\ub809\ud130\ub9ac\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud604\uc7ac \ub514\ub809\ud130\ub9ac\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pwd -> \ud604\uc7ac \ub514\ub809\ud130\ub9ac \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ud30c\uc77c \ubaa9\ub85d\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -> \ud30c\uc77c \ubaa9\ub85d \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ub514\ub809\ud130\ub9ac\ub97c \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd \/var\/log -> \/var\/log \ub514\ub809\ud130\ub9ac \uc774\ub3d9<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ub514\ub809\ud130\ub9ac\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mkdir test -> test \ub514\ub809\ud130\ub9ac \uc0dd\uc131<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \ubcf5\uc0ac\ud558\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cp source.txt backup.txt -> source.txt \ubcf5\uc0ac -> backup.txt \uc0dd\uc131<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ubcc0\uacbd\ud558\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mv source.txt target.txt -> source.txt \uc774\ub3d9 \/ \uc774\ub984 \ubcc0\uacbd<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \uc0ad\uc81c\ud558\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rm target.txt -> target.txt \uc0ad\uc81c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Linux\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub97c \uc870\ud569\ud574\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat app.log -> grep ERROR -> ERROR\uac00 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c \ub85c\uadf8 \ud544\ud130\ub9c1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
cat<\/code>\uc758 \ucd9c\ub825\uc774 grep<\/code>\uc758 \uc785\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ub2ec\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc774\ub7f0 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc740 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub97c \uc870\ud569\ud574 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\uad8c\ud55c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Linux\uc5d0\uc11c \ud30c\uc77c\uacfc \ub514\ub809\ud130\ub9ac\uc5d0\ub294 \uad8c\ud55c\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uad8c\ud55c\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
r -> read\nw -> write\nx -> execute<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uad8c\ud55c\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c \uc138 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub25c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
User -> Group -> Others<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
-rwxr-x---<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ub77c\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ud574\uc11d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
User -> rwx\nGroup -> r-x\nOthers -> ---<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \ubcc0\uacbd\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 chmod<\/code>\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chmod 755 app.sh -> User rwx \/ Group r-x \/ Others r-x<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
755<\/code>\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
User -> 7 -> rwx\nGroup -> 5 -> r-x\nOthers -> 5 -> r-x<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ud30c\uc77c\uc758 \uc18c\uc720\uc790\ub97c \ubcc0\uacbd\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 chown<\/code>\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chown user:user app.log -> app.log \uc18c\uc720\uc790 \ubcc0\uacbd<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc11c\ubc84\ub97c \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\ub2e4 \ubcf4\uba74 “Permission denied”\uac00 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \uc790\uc8fc \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc774\ub54c \ubb34\uc791\uc815 sudo<\/code>\ub97c \ubd99\uc774\ub294 \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud30c\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uad8c\ud55c\uc73c\ub85c \uc811\uadfc\ud558\ub824\ub294\uc9c0<\/strong>\ubd80\ud130 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ub9de\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc640 Root<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Linux\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uacc4\uc815\uacfc \uadf8\ub8f9 \uac1c\ub150\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud604\uc7ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
whoami -> \ud604\uc7ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc18d\ud55c \uadf8\ub8f9\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
groups -> \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uadf8\ub8f9 \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
root\ub294 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc804\uccb4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac15\ud55c \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uad00\ub9ac\uc790 \uacc4\uc815\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc77c\ubc18 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uad00\ub9ac\uc790 \uad8c\ud55c\uc73c\ub85c \uba85\ub839\uc744 \uc2e4\ud589\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 sudo<\/code>\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo systemctl restart nginx -> \uad00\ub9ac\uc790 \uad8c\ud55c -> nginx \uc7ac\uc2dc\uc791<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc root \uad8c\ud55c\uc740 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0\ub9cc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc88b\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \uc798\ubabb \uac00\uc9c4 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\uac00 \uc2e4\ud589\ub418\uba74 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc804\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc904 \uc218 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Process<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Linux\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\ud589 \uc911\uc778 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc740 Process\ub77c\ub294 \uc2e4\ud589 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \uad00\ub9ac\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\ub294 \uac01\uac01 PID(Process ID)\ub97c \uac00\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud604\uc7ac \uc2e4\ud589 \uc911\uc778 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud560 \ub54c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ps aux -> \uc2e4\ud589 \uc911\uc778 Process \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud560 \ub54c\ub294:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
top -> Process \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \ubaa8\ub2c8\ud130\ub9c1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ub610\ub294 htop<\/code>\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud2b9\uc815 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\ub97c \uc885\ub8cc\ud558\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
kill 1234 -> PID 1234\uc5d0 \uc885\ub8cc Signal \uc804\ub2ec<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ud544\uc694\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \uac15\uc81c \uc885\ub8cc \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
kill -9 1234 -> PID 1234\uc5d0 SIGKILL \uc804\ub2ec -> \uac15\uc81c \uc885\ub8cc<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ub2e4\ub9cc SIGKILL<\/code>\uc740 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\uac00 \uc815\ub9ac \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uae30\ud68c \uc5c6\uc774 \uc885\ub8cc\ub418\ubbc0\ub85c \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc885\ub8cc \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ub0a8\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc88b\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Process\uc640 Thread<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \uc2e4\ud589 \ud658\uacbd\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uace0 \uadf8 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5ec\ub7ec Thread\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Process -> Thread \/ Thread \/ Thread<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Thread\ub4e4\uc740 \uac19\uc740 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\uc758 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uacf5\uac04\uc744 \uacf5\uc720\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ubc18\uba74 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c5\ub9bd\ub41c \uc8fc\uc18c \uacf5\uac04\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc11c\ubc84 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4 \uac04 \ud1b5\uc2e0\uc5d0\ub294 IPC\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\uace0, Thread \uac04\uc5d0\ub294 \uacf5\uc720 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub3d9\uae30\ud654 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \ub3d9\uae30\ud654 \ub3c4\uad6c\uac00 Mutex, Semaphore, Condition Variable \ub4f1\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Process A -> IPC -> Process B\n\nThread A -> Shared Memory -> Thread B -> Mutex \/ Semaphore \/ Condition Variable<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Background Process\uc640 Job<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Shell\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\uba74 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\ub2f9 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\uac00 \ud604\uc7ac \ud130\ubbf8\ub110\uc744 \uc810\uc720\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ubc31\uadf8\ub77c\uc6b4\ub4dc\ub85c \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
.\/server -> Background Process<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc2e4\uc81c Shell\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
.\/server &<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ucc98\ub7fc \uc2e4\ud589\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc2e4\ud589 \uc911\uc778 Job\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
jobs -> Background Job \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ud130\ubbf8\ub110 \uc138\uc158\uc774 \uc885\ub8cc\ub418\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d \uc2e4\ud589\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 nohup<\/code>, systemd<\/code>, \ucee8\ud14c\uc774\ub108 \ub4f1\uc758 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc2e4\uc81c \uc11c\ubc84 \uc6b4\uc601\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 nohup<\/code>\uc73c\ub85c \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\ub97c \ub744\uc6cc\ub193\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uad00\ub9ac \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud3b8\uc774 \uc801\uc808\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Service\uc640 systemd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Linux \uc11c\ubc84\uc5d0\uc11c \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158\uc744 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\uace0 \uad00\ub9ac\ud558\ub824\uba74 Service \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ucd5c\uadfc Linux \ubc30\ud3ec\ud310\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 systemd<\/code>\uac00 \ub110\ub9ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uc0c1\ud0dc \ud655\uc778:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
systemctl status nginx -> nginx Service \uc0c1\ud0dc \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uc2dc\uc791:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo systemctl start nginx -> nginx Service \uc2dc\uc791<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uc911\uc9c0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo systemctl stop nginx -> nginx Service \uc911\uc9c0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uc7ac\uc2dc\uc791:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo systemctl restart nginx -> nginx Service \uc7ac\uc2dc\uc791<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ubd80\ud305\ud560 \ub54c \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e4\ud589\ub418\ub3c4\ub85d \uc124\uc815:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo systemctl enable nginx -> Boot \uc2dc nginx \uc790\ub3d9 \uc2e4\ud589 \uc124\uc815<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ub85c\uadf8\ub294 journalctl<\/code>\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
journalctl -u nginx -> nginx Service Log \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc774\ub7f0 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \uc11c\ubc84\uac00 \uc7ac\ubd80\ud305\ub418\uac70\ub098 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc0dd\uacbc\uc744 \ub54c \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uad00\ub9ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Application -> systemd -> Service -> Process<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Memory<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Linux\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uac00\uc0c1 \uc8fc\uc18c \uacf5\uac04\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Process -> Virtual Address Space -> Code \/ Data \/ Heap \/ Stack<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc2e4\uc81c \ubb3c\ub9ac \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac\uc640 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\uac00 \ubcf4\ub294 \uac00\uc0c1 \uc8fc\uc18c \uacf5\uac04\uc740 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uac1c\ub150\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Linux Kernel\uc740 Virtual Memory\uc640 Page \ub2e8\uc704\uc758 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uad00\ub9ac \ub4f1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\uc758 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uacf5\uac04\uc744 \uad00\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub7c9\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud560 \ub54c\ub294:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
free -h -> System Memory \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\ubcc4 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub7c9\uc740:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ps aux -> Process\ubcc4 Memory \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub7c9 \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ub610\ub294 top<\/code> \ub4f1\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc11c\ubc84 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 “RAM\uc774 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ub0a8\uc558\ub294\uac00”\ub9cc \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\ubcc4 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub7c9\uacfc Swap \uc0ac\uc6a9 \uc5ec\ubd80\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac19\uc774 \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc88b\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Disk\uc640 I\/O<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\uc11c\ubc84\uc5d0\uc11c CPU\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uba3c\uc800 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c I\/O\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub3c4 \ub9ce\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ub514\uc2a4\ud06c \uc6a9\ub7c9\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
df -h -> Disk \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub7c9 \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ud2b9\uc815 \ub514\ub809\ud130\ub9ac\uac00 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uacf5\uac04\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
du -sh \/var\/log -> \/var\/log \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub7c9 \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ub514\uc2a4\ud06c \uc7a5\uce58\uc640 \ud30c\ud2f0\uc158 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud560 \ub54c\ub294:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lsblk -> Disk \/ Partition \uad6c\uc870 \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ub85c\uadf8\uac00 \uacc4\uc18d \uc313\uc774\ub294 \uc11c\ubc84\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c \uc6a9\ub7c9\uc774 \ubd80\uc871\ud574\uc9c0\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ub85c\uadf8\uc758 \ubcf4\uc874 \uae30\uac04, Rotation, \uc555\ucd95 \ub4f1\uc744 \uac19\uc774 \uad00\ub9ac\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Network<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\uc11c\ubc84 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0\uc11c Linux \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uc790\uc8fc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ip addr -> Network Interface \/ IP \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ub77c\uc6b0\ud305 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ip route -> Routing Table \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ud3ec\ud2b8\uc640 \uc5f0\uacb0 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud560 \ub54c\ub294:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ss -lntp -> Listen Socket \/ Port \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ud2b9\uc815 \uc11c\ubc84\uc5d0 HTTP \uc694\uccad\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b4\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
curl http:\/\/localhost:8080 -> HTTP Request \uc804\uc1a1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
DNS \ud655\uc778\uc5d0\ub294:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
nslookup example.com -> DNS \uc870\ud68c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ub610\ub294:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dig example.com -> DNS \uc870\ud68c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ub4f1\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc11c\ubc84\ub294 \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e4\ud589 \uc911\uc778\ub370 \uc678\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \uc811\uadfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc21c\uc11c\ub85c \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Process \uc2e4\ud589 \uc5ec\ubd80 -> Port Listen \uc5ec\ubd80 -> Network Interface -> Routing -> Firewall -> External Network<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc11c\ubc84 \uc7a5\uc560\ub97c \ubcfc \ub54c \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158 \ub85c\uadf8\ub9cc \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc6b4\uc601\uccb4\uc81c\uc640 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uacc4\uce35\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub0b4\ub824\uac00\uc11c \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
File Descriptor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Linux \uc11c\ubc84 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud2b9\ud788 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac1c\ub150\uc774 File Descriptor\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Linux\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud30c\uc77c\ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c Socket \uac19\uc740 I\/O \uc790\uc6d0\ub3c4 File Descriptor\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc811\uadfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Process -> File Descriptor Table -> File \/ Socket<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
stdin -> FD 0\nstdout -> FD 1\nstderr -> FD 2\nFile -> FD 3\nSocket -> FD 4<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc11c\ubc84\uc5d0\uc11c \ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc774 \ub9ce\uc544\uc9c0\uba74 Socket\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc0dd\uc131\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc11c\ubc84\uc5d0\uc11c File Descriptor \uc81c\ud55c\uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud604\uc7ac \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\uac00 \uc5f4\uc5b4\ub454 FD\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -l \/proc\/<pid>\/fd -> Process\uc758 Open File Descriptor \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ud604\uc7ac \uc81c\ud55c\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub824\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ulimit -n -> File Descriptor Limit \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc11c\ubc84\ub97c \uc6b4\uc601\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74 \uc774 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
IOCP\ub098 epoll \uac19\uc740 \uace0\uc131\ub2a5 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c I\/O \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uacf5\ubd80\ud560 \ub54c\ub3c4 \uacb0\uad6d \uc6b4\uc601\uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \ud30c\uc77c \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\ud130\uc640 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Signal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Linux \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\ub294 Signal\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ube44\ub3d9\uae30\uc801\uc778 \uc774\ubca4\ud2b8\ub97c \uc804\ub2ec\ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SIGINT -> Interrupt\nSIGTERM -> Termination Request\nSIGKILL -> Forced Termination\nSIGHUP -> Hangup \/ Reload \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ud130\ubbf8\ub110\uc5d0\uc11c Ctrl + C<\/code>\ub97c \ub204\ub974\uba74 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c SIGINT<\/code>\uac00 \uc804\ub2ec\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\ub97c \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc885\ub8cc\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub824\uba74 SIGTERM<\/code>\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
kill -TERM <pid> -> SIGTERM -> Process<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
SIGKILL<\/code>\uc740 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\uac00 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac15\uc81c \uc885\ub8cc \uc2e0\ud638\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
kill -KILL <pid> -> SIGKILL -> Process<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Graceful Shutdown\uc744 \uad6c\ud604\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \uc774\ub7f0 Signal\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \ud604\uc7ac \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc815\ub9ac\ud558\uace0 \uc885\ub8cc\ud558\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Process -> SIGTERM -> Graceful Shutdown -> Resource Cleanup -> Process Exit<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Shell\uacfc Bash<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Shell\uc740 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc744 \ud574\uc11d\ud558\uace0 \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\ub294 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bash\ub294 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 Shell \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
User -> Bash -> Command -> Process<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PORT=8080 -> echo $PORT -> 8080<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc870\uac74\ubb38\uacfc \ubc18\ubcf5\ubb38\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \uc11c\ubc84 \uad00\ub9ac \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc790\ub3d9\ud654\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shell Script -> Condition \/ Loop -> Server Management<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc774\ub7f0 Shell Script\ub294 \ubc30\ud3ec, \ubc31\uc5c5, \ub85c\uadf8 \uad00\ub9ac, \uc11c\ubc84 \ucd08\uae30\ud654 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc790\ub3d9\ud654\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Pipe\uc640 Redirection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Linux Shell\uc758 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uae30\ub2a5 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4 \uc870\ud569\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pipe\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \ud55c \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc758 \ucd9c\ub825\uc744 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc758 \uc785\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ub2ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ps aux -> grep nginx -> nginx Process \ud544\ud130\ub9c1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ud30c\uc77c\ub85c \ucd9c\ub825\uc744 \uc800\uc7a5\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -al -> files.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c\ub294:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -al > files.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ud30c\uc77c\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\uc758 \uc785\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ub2ec\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
app.log -> grep ERROR -> Error \uac80\uc0c9<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c\ub294:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep ERROR < app.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ub85c\uadf8 \ubd84\uc11d \uac19\uc740 \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc870\ud569\uc774 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \uc720\uc6a9\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat app.log -> grep ERROR -> wc -l -> ERROR \uac1c\uc218 \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uba85\ub839\uc5b4 \uac01\uac01\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc870\ud569\ud558\uba74 \uc11c\ubc84 \uc6b4\uc601\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Log<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\uc11c\ubc84 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub85c\uadf8\ub294 \uc7a5\uc560 \uc6d0\uc778\uc744 \ucd94\uc801\ud558\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc218\ub2e8\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Linux\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158 \ub85c\uadf8\uac00 \/var\/log<\/code> \uc544\ub798\uc5d0 \uc800\uc7a5\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/var\/log -> Application \/ System Log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ud2b9\uc815 \ub85c\uadf8\ub97c \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc778\ud560 \ub54c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tail -f app.log -> \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 Log \ud655\uc778<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc5d0\ub7ec\ub9cc \ucc3e\uc744 \ub54c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep ERROR app.log -> ERROR Log \uac80\uc0c9<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ub85c\uadf8\ub97c \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ub0a8\uae30\ub294 \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ub85c\uadf8\uc5d0 \uc2dc\uac04, \uc694\uccad \uc815\ubcf4, \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4 \uc815\ubcf4, \uc5d0\ub7ec \uc6d0\uc778 \ub4f1\uc744 \ucd94\uc801\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc815\ubcf4<\/strong>\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc6b4\uc601 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub85c\uadf8\uac00 \ubb34\ud55c\ud788 \uc313\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d Log Rotation\ub3c4 \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Log -> Rotation -> Compression -> Retention<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Linux\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11c\ubc84\uac00 \uc2e4\ud589\ub418\ub294 \uacfc\uc815<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\uc9c0\uae08\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc11c\ubc84 \uc2e4\ud589 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 -> Shell -> Process \uc2e4\ud589 -> Linux Kernel -> CPU \/ Memory \/ Disk \/ Network -> Server Application -> Socket -> Network -> Client<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uac8c\uc784 \uc11c\ubc84\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uba74:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
.\/game-server -> Process -> Socket -> Port 8080 -> Network -> Client<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Shell\uc774 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uace0 Linux Kernel\uc774 CPU\uc640 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac\ub97c \ud560\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uac8c\uc784 \uc11c\ubc84\ub294 Socket\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uace0 \ud2b9\uc815 Port\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f0\uacb0\uc744 \uae30\ub2e4\ub9b0\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Game Server Process -> Socket -> Port 8080 -> Network -> Client<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uba74 Linux \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \uac01 \uacc4\uce35\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Process -> ps \/ top\nMemory -> free \/ top\nDisk -> df \/ du\nNetwork -> ip \/ ss \/ curl\nLog -> journalctl \/ tail \/ grep\nPermission -> ls -l \/ chmod \/ chown<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uc774\ub7f0 \uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c Linux\ub97c \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uba85\ub839\uc5b4 \ubaa8\uc74c\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc11c\ubc84 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc774 \uc2e4\ud589\ub418\ub294 \uae30\ubc18 \ud658\uacbd<\/strong>\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc88b\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Linux\uc640 Docker<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Docker\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 Linux\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uac1c\ub150\uc774 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Docker \ucee8\ud14c\uc774\ub108\ub3c4 \uacb0\uad6d Linux Kernel\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Docker Container -> Docker \/ Container Runtime -> Linux Kernel -> Hardware<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ucee8\ud14c\uc774\ub108\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \uac00\uc0c1 \uba38\uc2e0\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Linux Kernel\uc744 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\uba74\uc11c Namespace\uc640 Cgroups \uac19\uc740 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\uc640 \ub9ac\uc18c\uc2a4\ub97c \uaca9\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Linux Kernel -> Namespace \/ Cgroups -> Process \/ Resource Isolation<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uadf8\ub798\uc11c Docker\ub97c \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub824\uba74 Linux\uc758 Process, Network, File System, Permission \uac19\uc740 \uac1c\ub150\uc774 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Linux\uc640 Kubernetes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Kubernetes\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 Linux\ub294 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kubernetes -> Container Runtime -> Linux -> Hardware<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Kubernetes\uac00 Pod\uc744 \uad00\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud574\ub3c4 \uc2e4\uc81c Node\uc5d0\uc11c \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\uc640 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c, \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac, \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c\ub97c \uad00\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uacb0\uad6d \uc6b4\uc601\uccb4\uc81c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uadf8\ub798\uc11c Kubernetes\uc5d0\uc11c Pod\uc774 \uc2e4\ud589\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub2e4 \ubcf4\uba74 \uacb0\uad6d \ub2e4\uc74c \uc601\uc5ed\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub0b4\ub824\uac00\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kubernetes -> Pod -> Container -> Process -> Linux -> CPU \/ Memory \/ Network \/ Disk<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Kubernetes\ub97c \uc6b4\uc601\ud560\uc218\ub85d Linux\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\ud574\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud574\uc9c0\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\uc815\ub9ac<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Linux\ub97c \uc11c\ubc84 \uac1c\ubc1c \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c \uad6c\uc870\ub85c \uc815\ub9ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Application -> Process \/ Thread -> System Call -> Linux Kernel -> CPU \/ Memory \/ Disk \/ Network<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc6b4\uc601\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \uac1c\ub150\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
File System -> Permission -> Process -> Thread -> Memory -> File Descriptor -> Socket -> Network -> Signal -> Service -> Log -> Shell<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Linux \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub97c \ub9ce\uc774 \uc678\uc6b0\ub294 \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\uc744 \ub54c \uc5b4\ub290 \uacc4\uce35\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc544\ub294 \uac83<\/strong>\uc774 \ub354 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc11c\ubc84\uac00 \uc8fd\uc5c8\ub2e4\uba74 Process\ub97c \ubcf4\uace0, \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac\uac00 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uba74 Memory\ub97c \ubcf4\uace0, \uc5f0\uacb0\uc774 \uc548 \ub418\uba74 Socket\uacfc Network\ub97c \ubcf4\uace0, \ud30c\uc77c \uc811\uadfc\uc774 \uc2e4\ud328\ud558\uba74 Permission\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Server Problem -> Process -> Memory -> Disk -> File -> Permission -> Socket -> Port -> Network -> Service -> Log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Docker, Kubernetes, \uc6f9 \uc11c\ubc84, \uac8c\uc784 \uc11c\ubc84, \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uac19\uc740 \uae30\uc220\ub3c4 \uacb0\uad6d Linux \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\ud589\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uadf8\ub798\uc11c Linux\ub294 \ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 \uc11c\ubc84 \uae30\uc220\uc774\ub77c\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc11c\ubc84 \uac1c\ubc1c\uacfc \uc6b4\uc601\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uae30\ubcf8 \uc2e4\ud589 \ud658\uacbd<\/strong>\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 \ud3b8\uc774 \ub9de\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Linux\ub294 \uc11c\ubc84 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc8fc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc6b4\uc601\uccb4\uc81c\ub2e4. \uc6f9 \uc11c\ubc84, \uac8c\uc784 \uc11c\ubc84, \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4, Docker, Kubernetes \uac19\uc740 \uc11c\ubc84 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub2e4 \ubcf4\uba74 \uacb0\uad6d Linux \ud658\uacbd\uc744 \ub9cc\ub098\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. Linux\ub97c \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub97c \ub9ce\uc774 \uc678\uc6b0\ub294 \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4, \ud30c\uc77c \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c, \uad8c\ud55c, \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c, \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac, \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uad00\ub9ac\uac00 \uc11c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. Linux\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uad6c\uc870 Linux\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc740 \uc6b4\uc601\uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1675","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wayhope.kro.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1675","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wayhope.kro.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wayhope.kro.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wayhope.kro.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wayhope.kro.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1675"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/wayhope.kro.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1675\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1962,"href":"https:\/\/wayhope.kro.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1675\/revisions\/1962"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wayhope.kro.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wayhope.kro.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1675"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wayhope.kro.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}